Development of Broad Spectrum and Durable Bacterial Blight Resistant Variety through Pyramiding of Four Resistance Genes in Rice

Not AvailableBacterial blight (BB) disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is a major biotic constraint on obtaining higher grain yields in rice. Marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB) was performed by the pyramiding of Xa4, xa5, xa13 and Xa21 resistance genes in the popular variety, Ranidhan. A foreground selection in BC1F1, BC2F1, and BC3F1 progenies detected all the target genes in 12, 7 and 16 progenies by using the closely linked markers from a population size of 426, 410, and 530, respectively. The BB-positive progenies carrying the target genes with a maximal similarity to the recipient parent was backcrossed in each backcross generation. A total of 1784 BC3F2 seeds were obtained from the best BC3F1 progeny. The screening of the BC3F2 progenies for the four target genes resulted in eight plants carrying all the four target genes. A bioassay of the pyramided lines conferred very high levels of resistance to the predominant isolates of bacterial blight disease. In addition, these pyramided lines were similar to Ranidhan in 16 morpho-quality traits, namely, plant height, filled grains/panicle, panicles/plant, grain length, grain breadth, grain weight, milling, head rice recovery, kernel length after cooking, water uptake, the volume expansion ratio, gel consistency,alkali-spreading value, and the amylose content.Not Availabl

Facile synthesis of highly functionalized novel pyrazolopyridones using oxoketene dithioacetal and their anti-HIV activity

<p>A series of novel 3-amino-4,5-dihydro-6-methyl-4-oxo-<i>N</i>-aryl-1<i>H</i>-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-7-carboxamide have been synthesized starting from various oxoketene dithioacetals. The cyclocondensation reaction of 2-(bis(methylthio)methylene)-3-oxo-<i>N</i>-arylbutanamide <b>2a–w</b> with cyanoacetamide using NaO<i>i</i>Pr as base under reflux condition afforded novel highly functionalized pyridone <b>3a–w</b> derivatives. Further, [3 + 2] cyclocondensation reaction of pyridones with hydrazine in the presence of alcohol was yielded pyrazolopyridones (23 nos) <b>4a–w</b> with excellent yields. All newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for <i>in vitro</i> anti-HIV activity using MTT method. Most of these compounds have showed moderate to potent activity against HIV-1 (III_B) and HIV-2 (ROD) strains with an IC₅₀ ranging from >18 IC₅₀[µg/ml] to <100 IC₅₀[µg/ml]. Among them, compounds <b>4j</b> and <b>4v</b> were identified as the most promising compound for both types of HIV strains. (IC₅₀ = 18 µg/ml). Three compounds <b>4l, 4m</b>, and <b>4p</b> have been found potent anti-HIV 1 and 2 activity against MT-4 cells.</p

Hemangioma of rib : a different perspective

Background: Hemangiomas are one of the common primary benign tumors of the intraosseous and soft tissue compartments in humans. Vertebral hemangiomas being the most common of all are seen in daily radiological practice. Hemangioma of the rib is rarely seen. Case Report: We reported on a case of a rib lesion which had a classic imaging pattern of hemangioma. We highlighted the use of pre-operative embolization of such a vascular rib lesion before surgically removing the lesion by thoracotomy to reduce the risk of bleeding. Conclusions: We also emphasized overt complications of overzealous needling of such a vascular lesion for histopathological diagnosis as in our case

Development of Broad Spectrum and Durable Bacterial Blight Resistant Variety through Pyramiding of Four Resistance Genes in Rice

Bacterial blight (BB) disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is a major biotic constraint on obtaining higher grain yields in rice. Marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB) was performed by the pyramiding of Xa4, xa5, xa13 and Xa21 resistance genes in the popular variety, Ranidhan. A foreground selection in BC1F1, BC2F1, and BC3F1 progenies detected all the target genes in 12, 7 and 16 progenies by using the closely linked markers from a population size of 446, 410, and 530, respectively. The BB-positive progenies carrying the target genes with a maximal similarity to the recipient parent was backcrossed in each backcross generation. A total of 1784 BC3F2 seeds were obtained from the best BC3F1 progeny. The screening of the BC3F2 progenies for the four target genes resulted in eight plants carrying all the four target genes. A bioassay of the pyramided lines conferred very high levels of resistance to the predominant isolates of bacterial blight disease. In addition, these pyramided lines were similar to Ranidhan in 16 morpho-quality traits, namely, plant height, filled grains/panicle, panicles/plant, grain length, grain breadth, grain weight, milling, head rice recovery, kernel length after cooking, water uptake, the volume expansion ratio, gel consistency, alkali-spreading value, and the amylose content

Association Mapping for Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Superoxide Dismutase, Flavonoids, Anthocyanins, Carotenoids, γ-Oryzanol and Antioxidant Activity in Rice

Antioxidant-rich rice is a cheaper way to solve stress-related disorders and other health benefits for the global rice-eating population. Five antioxidant traits, namely, superoxide dismutase, flavonoids, anthocyanins, γ-oryzanol and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) activity were mapped using a representative panel population through association mapping. Potential landraces carrying multiple antioxidant compounds were identified from the population. The population represented four genetic groups and correspondence for presence of antioxidants traits in each group was noticed. The population showed linkage disequilibrium for the studied traits based on the Fst values. A total of 14 significant marker–trait associations were detected for these antioxidant traits. The study validated the QTLs, qANC3 and qPAC12-2 for anthocyanin content and qAC12 for ABTS activity will be useful in marker-assisted breeding. Eleven QTLs such as qTAC1.1 and qTAC5.1 controlling anthocyanin content, qSOD1.1, qSOD5.1 and qSOD10.1 for superoxide dismutase (SOD), qTFC6.1, qTFC11.1 and qTFC12.1 for total flavonoids content (TFC), qOZ8.1 and qOZ11.1 for γ-oryzanol (OZ) and qAC11.1 for ABTS activity were detected as novel loci. Chromosomal locations on 11 at 45.3 cM regulating GO, TFC and TAC, and on the chromosome 12 at 101.8 cM controlling TAC and ABTS activity, respectively, were detected as antioxidant hotspots

Impact of the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines on the prevalence of hypertension among Indian adults: Results from a cross-sectional survey

BackgroundThe impact of the 2017 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for diagnosis and management of hypertension on the prevalence of hypertension in India is unknown.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Cardiac Prevent 2015 survey to estimate the change in the prevalence of hypertension. The JNC8 guidelines defined hypertension as a systolic blood pressure of ≥140&nbsp;​mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of ≥90&nbsp;​mmHg. The 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines define hypertension as a systolic blood pressure of ≥130&nbsp;​mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of ≥80&nbsp;​mmHg. We standardized the prevalence as per the 2011 census population of India. We also calculated the prevalence as per the World Health Organization (WHO) World Standard Population (2000-2025).ResultsAmong 180,335 participants (33.2% women), the mean age was 40.6&nbsp;​±&nbsp;​14.9 years (41.1&nbsp;​±&nbsp;​15.0 and 39.7&nbsp;​±&nbsp;​14.7 years in men and women, respectively). Among them, 8,898 (4.9%), 99,791 (55.3%), 35,694 (11.9%), 23,084 (12.8%), 9,989 (5.5%) and 2,878 (1.6%) participants belonged to age group 18-19, 20-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74 and&nbsp;​≥&nbsp;​75 years respectively. The prevalence of hypertension according to the JNC8 and 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines was 29.7% and 63.8%, respectively- an increase of 115%. With the 2011 census population of India, this suggests that currently, 486 million Indian adults have hypertension according to the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines, an addition of 260 million as compared to the JNC8 guidelines.ConclusionAccording to the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines, 3 in every 5 Indian adults have hypertension